ABSTRACT Vines are highly responsive to agricultural management techniques, such as training systems. Three training systems, i.e., conventional, high, and double training, for the ‘Niagara Rosada’ vine were studied considering aspects related to the yield, physicochemical, and antioxidant characteristics of the grapes. The experiment was carried out during two seasons (2017 and 2018), and the vines grafted on IAC 572 Jales. The training systems did not influence the fruit production per vine and yield of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grape, but some improvements were observed, such as a greater number of berries per bunch in vines managed in the conventional training systems and a higher fresh mass of berries when cultivated in the high and double training systems. Grapes from the double training system had higher soluble solids contents, an important sensorial characteristic in table grapes. The high training system, in turn, provided ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grapes with a greater content of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality worldwide, whose most prominent risk factor is unhealthy eating habits, such as high fructose intake. Biogenic amines (BAs) perform important functions in the human body. However, the effect of fructose consumption on BA levels is still unclear, as is the association between these and CVD risk factors. Objective This study aimed to establish the association between BA levels and CVD risk factors in animals that consumed fructose. Methods Male Wistar rats received standard chow (n=8) or standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) (n=8) over a 24-week period. At the end of this period, the nutritional and metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters and plasmatic BA levels were analyzed. A 5% level of significance was adopted. Results Fructose consumption led to MS, reduced the levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxitryptophan, and increased histamine. Tryptophan, histamine, and dopamine showed a correlation with metabolic syndrome parameters. Conclusion Fructose consumption alters BAs associated with CVD risk factors.

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de mortalidade do mundo, e um de seus fatores de risco são os hábitos alimentares não saudáveis, tais como, o alto consumo de frutose. As aminas biogênicas (ABs) realizam funções importantes no corpo humano. Entretanto, o efeito do consumo de frutose nos níveis das ABs ainda não está claro, bem como a associação entre estes e os fatores de risco da DCV. Objetivo Este estudo teve o objetivo de estabelecer a associação entre os níveis de ABs e os fatores de risco de DCV em animais que consumiram frutose. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos receberam ração convencional (n=8) ou ração convencional + frutose na água de beber (30%) (n=8) durante 24 semanas. Ao final, foram analisados os parâmetros nutricionais e da síndrome metabólica (SM) e os níveis plasmáticos das ABs. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O consumo de frutose levou à SM, reduziu os níveis de triptofano e 5-hidroxitriptofano e aumentou a histamina. Os níveis de triptofano, histamina e dopamina apresentaram correlação com parâmetros de síndrome metabólica. Conclusão O consumo de frutose altera as ABs associadas a fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares.

ABSTRACT In viticulture, training systems and rootstocks are crucial factors in the growth and development of plants, thus affecting the production and quality of grapes. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the best combination of rootstock and training system for ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, in Jundiaí, state of São Paulo, Brazil. To assess the data, a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme was used, that is, two rootstocks (‘IAC 766 Campinas’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’) and two training systems (low and high espaliers), with four replications. The characteristics assessed were production, physicochemical analysis and concentration of bioactive compounds. With regard to the physicochemical composition of the grape must, the results indicated that the tested combinations are within the standard requirements for the winemaking industry; outcomes may change according to the rootstock used, i.e., an increase in production or an increase in the nutritional quality of the fruits. Nevertheless, ‘106-8 Mgt’ rootstock showed great yield in both training systems, that is, an increase of up to 80%. Finally, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ must be grafted on to ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ rootstock through a low espalier system to achieve a high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and high antioxidant activity.

HIGHLIGHTS Chips from orange-fleshed sweet potato have a good acceptability. Drying process showed retention of carotenoids total content. Chips from drying or frying process showed high resistant starch content.

ABSTRACT Nineteen genotypes of bananas and plantains were analysed in order to differentiate the subgroups and/or groups of consumption or industrial use. Genotypes of banana and plantain from different genomic groups and in three ripening stages (2, 5 and 7) were studied in relation to physical and physicochemical characteristics, including bioactive compounds. Furthermore, with the obtained data analysed by multivariate statistical analyses (Principal Component Analysis) it was possible to relate all analysed characteristic profile of samples with the different genotype. The three ripening stages were differentiate by total soluble solids, titratable acidity, chrome (C*) and the carotenoids contents. ‘Ney Poovan’ contain high total soluble solid content and pulp-to-peel ratio, an interesting result for the promotion of this genotype for in natura consumption. ‘Ney Poovan’, ‘Ouro da Mata’, ‘Pelipita’ and ‘Tiparot’ are sources of antioxidant compounds. The genotypes ‘Pelipita’ and ‘Samurá B’ are promising for the industrial use, mainly for the processing of banana chips, for both green and ripe fruit.

RESUMO O Setor da Floricultura demanda grande quantidade de produtos de alta qualidade e durabilidade; entretanto, existe a carência de estudos relacionados à fisiologia pós-colheita de flores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os teores de fenóis na pós-colheita de hastes de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) submetidas ao tratamento com inibidores de etileno (1-Metilciclopropeno −1-MCP e Ácido Salicílico - SA) e diferentes temperaturas de armazenamentos (ambiente a 24 ± 2°C e pré-exposição à câmara fria a 9 ± 2°C por 24 horas). Os teores de carboidratos solúveis totais diminuíram durante a experimentação, caracterizando o consumo das reservas durante a pós-colheita de flor cortada de lisianthus. O tratamento com 1-MCP retardou a diminuição dos índices de carboidratos solúveis totais de lisianthus. O tratamento com SA apresentou o menor teor total de carboidratos solúveis em lisianthus em ambas as temperaturas de armazenamento.

ABSTRACT Floriculture industry demands for products with high quality and durability; however, there is a lack of studies related to the postharvest physiology of cut flowers. We aimed to study phenolic contents of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) stems treated with ethylene inhibitors (1-Methylcyclopropene – 1-MCP and Salicylic Acid - SA) and different storage temperatures (room at 24 ± 2 °C and pre-exposure to the cold chamber at 9 ± 2 °C for 24 hours) during the post-harvest. Total soluble carbohydrate contents decreased during the experimentation, characterizing the consumption of the reserves during lisianthus post-harvest. The 1-MCP treatment slowed the decrease of total soluble carbohydrate contents. SA treatment had the lowest total soluble carbohydrate contents in both storage temperatures.

RESUMO O silício tem efeitos benéficos sobre diversas culturas, principalmente sob estresses bióticos e abióticos. O silício pode afetar processos bioquímicos, fisiológicos e fotossintéticos e, conseqüentemente aliviar o estresse hídrico. No entanto, os efeitos do Si sobre plantas arroz (Oryza sativa L.) sob estresse hídrico não são muito bem conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do suprimento de Si no teor de prolina e na atividade da peroxidase em plantas de arroz de terras altas, expostos ou não ao estresse hídrico. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação arranjados em um delineamento em blocos completos casualisados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2. Os tratamentos consistiram na ausência ou na presença de Si (0 e 350 kg ha-1) com a ausência ou presença de déficit hídrico (- 0,025 MPa e - 0,050 MPa potencial de água no solo, respectivamente) e duas cultivares de arroz Caiapo (tipo tradicional) e Maravilha (tipo moderno), com oito repetições. Sob condições de estresse hídrico, a adubação com silício reduz o teor de prolina nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva das plantas de arroz de terras altas e a atividade da peroxidase aumenta na fase reprodutiva do arroz, o que pode ser indicativo de tolerância ao stress.

ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) has beneficial effects on many crops, mainly under biotic and abiotic stress. Silicon can affect biochemical, physiological, and photosynthetic processes and, consequently, reduce drought stress. However, the effects of Si on rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants under drought stress are not well known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental Si on proline content and peroxidase activity in upland rice plants in the presence and absence of drought stress. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and was arranged in completely randomized blocks in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme. Treatments comprised combinations of (1) presence or absence of Si supply (0 or 350 kg ha-1 of Si), (2) presence or absence of a water deficit (-0.050 MPa or -0.025 MPa soil water potential values, respectively), and (3) two upland rice cultivars: Caiapo (traditional type) and Maravilha (modern type), with eight replications. Under water stress conditions, silicon fertilization reduced the proline content in the vegetative and reproductive phases of upland rice plants and increased peroxidase activity in the plants' reproductive phase, which could be indicative of stress tolerance.

O abacaxi 'IAC Gomo-de-Mel' é uma espécie economicamente importante devido a diversas características sensoriais. Uma das técnicas para obter maior número de plantas é a micropropagação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do TIBA (ácido 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoico) na formação de brotos e raízes do abacaxizeiro 'IAC Gomo-de-Mel', assim como possíveis alterações na morfologia de tecidos foliares. Foram utilizados segmentos das gemas da coroa de abacaxi, com aproximadamente 1 cm, oriundos de cultivo em meio líquido, suplementadas com 1,0 mg L-1 BAP+ 0,5 mg L-1 NAA , sendo posteriormente inoculados em meio MS líquido contendo diversas concentrações de TIBA, em condição de luz e temperatura controladas, implantando 3 diferentes experimentos para as análises biométrica, bioquímica e anatômica. Os experimentos foram implantados em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com 8 tratamentos, com 4 repetições para as análises biométricas e 5 repetições para a bioquímica e anatômica. Ao final de 60 dias, foram avaliados o número e o comprimento das brotações, o comprimento da planta-mãe e o número de raízes. A análise da atividade de AIA-oxidase foi realizada no dia da instalação do experimento e aos 15; 30; 45 e 60 dias de cultivo. Conclui-se que o TIBA isoladamente não induz brotações. A redução na atividade da AIA-oxidase foi relacionada com a emissão de novas raízes, e o aumento na espessura dos tecidos foliares ocorreu após aplicação exógena de TIBA, em abacaxizeiro in vitro.

The cultivar 'IAC Gomo-de-Mel'is an economically important species due to different sensory characteristics. One of the techniques to obtain higher number of plants is micropropagation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TIBA (2,3,5 - triiodobenzoic acid) in the formation of shoots and roots of pineapple 'IAC Gomo-de-Mel ', as well as possible changes in the morphology of leaf tissues. It were used segments of the gems in the crown of pineapple, with approximately 1 cm, arising from cultivation in liquid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP+ 0.5 mg L-1 NAA , and subsequently inoculated in MS liquid containing various concentrations of TIBA in light condition and controlled temperature, deploying three different experiments for biometric, biochemical and anatomical analyzes. The experiments were implanted in a completely randomized experimental design with 8 treatments and 4 replicates for biometric analysis and 5 replicates for biochemical and anatomical analysis. At the end of 60 days, were evaluated the number and length of shoots, length of the mother plant and the number of roots. The analysis of the activity of IAA-oxidase was performed on the day of the experiment and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of cultive. We conclude that the TIBA alone does not induce shoots formation. The reduction in the IAA-oxidase activity was related to the emission of new roots and an increase in leaf thickness occurred after exogenous application of TIBA in pineapple 'Gomo-de-Mel' cultivated in vitro.

There is growing interest in studies on sanitizers other than chlorine that can maintain the quality of organic products without affecting their phytochemical content. The effects of using chlorinated and ozonized water treatments, as sanitizing procedures, on the post-harvest quality of organic and conventional broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) cv. Italica was evaluated. The biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity) of the broccoli samples were analyzed at day 0 (arrival of the plant from the field, original features), and 1, 4 and 7 days after harvest. The polyamine analysis was performed on arrival of the plant from the field and on the first and seventh days. The cultivation procedure influenced polyphenol, vitamin C and total chlorophyll content, and the highest value was observed in organic broccoli after the fourth day. Flavenoid content was higher in organic broccoli. The use of ozone appears not to have had an influence on the amount of polyphenolic, flavonoids and vitamin C during storage. Total chlorophyll content was less affected by ozonized water than by the chlorine treatment as at the first and fourth days of storage. The highest content of putrescine was found in conventional broccoli, while the highest levels of spermidine and spermine were found in organic broccoli. Antioxidant capacity was highest in organic broccoli after day 4 of storage and was affected by the bioactive compounds analyzed. Methods of cultivation influenced natural antioxidant and chlorophyll contents in broccoli under cold storage.

Os benefícios do consumo de frutas e hortaliças sempre foram associados à presença de vitaminas e fibras. Entretanto, outros compostos são importantes e muitos exercem função antioxidante, destacando-se os polifenóis e pigmentos. Neste trabalho, foram caracterizadas as polpas de sete cultivares de pêssegos, duas de polpa branca e cinco de polpa amarela, utilizando-se frutas no ponto de consumo (frutos com coloração de fundo amarela). Foi avaliada a concentração de vitamina C, polifenóis, pigmentos e a capacidade antioxidante. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, constando de sete tratamentos e três repetições, sendo cada repetição composta por seis frutos. O teor de vitamina C variou de 7,74 a 17,31mg em 100g-1 de polpa; a concentração de polifenóis variou de 53,33 a 141,77mg de ácido gálico em 100g-1 de polpa; o conteúdo de clorofila 'A' variou de 11,59 a 44,61ug em 100g-1 de polpa; o conteúdo de clorofila 'B' variou de 69,69 a 411,37ug em 100g-1 de polpa; os carotenóides totais variaram de 28,69 a 81,58ug em 100g-1 de polpa; as antocianinas variaram de 85,13 a 336,05ug em 100g-1 de polpa. A atividade antioxidante variou de 35,81 a 65,39mg de DPPH reduzido 100g-1 de polpa. Foi verificada correlação positiva significativa entre vitamina C e atividade antioxidante.

The benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption have been always associated with the presence of vitamins and fiber. However, other compounds are important and many exert antioxidant function, especially the polyphenols and pigments. In this study, fleshes of seven peach cultivars were characterized, two from white flesh cultivars and five of yellow flesh, all from fruits at the point of consumption (fruits with yellow background color). It was evaluated the concentration of vitamin C, polyphenols, pigments and antioxidant capacity. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of seven treatments and three replications, with six fruits per plot. The vitamin C content ranged from 7.74 to 17.31mg of vitamin C 100g-1 flesh, the concentration of polyphenols ranged from 53.33 to 141.77mg of gallic acid 100g1 flesh, the chlorophyll 'A' content ranged from 11.59 to 44.61ug chlorophyll 'A' 100g-1 flesh, the chlorophyll 'B' content ranged from 69.69 to 411.37ug chlorophyll 'B' 100g-1 flesh; carotenoids ranged from 28.69 to 81.58ug-1 carotenoids 100g flesh; anthocyanins ranged from 85.13 to 336.05ug-1 antocyanins 100g flesh. The antioxidant activity ranged from 35.81 to 65.39mg of reduced DPPH- 100g-1 flesh. Significant positive correlation was found between vitamin C and antioxidant activity.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de manga Tommy Atkins tratada com diferentes concentrações de 1-MCP, armazenada sob refrigeração. Os tratamentos foram compostos de diferentes concentrações de 1-MCP: 0; 100; 300 e 600 nL.L-¹ sendo armazenados por 12 horas em câmaras isoladas vedadas à temperatura de 25°C; após abertura da câmara, os frutos foram armazenados nas temperaturas de 25°C com 75±5% de UR e 10°C com 70±5% de UR, por 28 dias. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 6 x 2. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições por tratamento, com cinco frutos por parcela. As variáveis analisadas foram: perda de massa, firmeza, vitamina C, açúcares totais e redutores e carotenoides. Nas condições em que o experimento foi conduzido, pode-se concluir que: as aplicações em pós-colheita de 1-MCP em manga Tommy Atkins foi eficiente em retardar o metabolismo de maturação dos frutos; o 1-MCP associado à refrigeração foi eficiente em manter os frutos armazenados por 28 dias de vida útil; a concentração de 600 nL.L-1 de 1-MCP foi considerada a mais eficiente em retardar o amadurecimento do fruto nas temperaturas de 10 e 25°C.

The present study had the objective of evaluating the post-harvest conservation of 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes, treated with different concentrations of 1-MCP, stored under refrigeration. The treatments were several concentrations of 1-MCP, 0, 100, 300 and 600 nL L-1, for 12 hours in isolated chambers at temperature of 25°C. After opening the chambers, fruits were stored at temperatures of 25° C, 75±5% of RH and 10° C, 70± 5% of RH for 28 days. The experimental design was a completely randomized in a factorial 4 x 6 x 2. Four repetitions were used per treatment, with five fruits per plot. The analyzed variables were the loss of mass, the firmness, the vitamin C, the total and reducer sugars and the carotenoids contents. Under the conditions in which the experiment was carried out, it can be concluded that: post-harvest applications of 1-MCP on 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes were effective in reducing the physiological metabolism of fruits maturation; 1-MCP and refrigeration associated were effective in keeping fruits stored for 28 days after harvesting; the 1-MCP concentration of 600 nL L-1 was considered the most efficient in reducing the ripening of fruits at 10°C and 25°C.

Espécies do gênero Psidium, como goiabeira e araçazeiros, são economicamente importantes e têm como área de diversidade genética primária o Brasil. Foram determinadas as relações genéticas, com base no marcador AFLP, para acessos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG) de Psidium da Embrapa Semiárido, para orientar trabalhos de melhoramento e de manejo de recursos genéticos do gênero. Foram analisados 88 acessos, sendo 64 de goiabeira e 24 de araçazeiros, coletados em dez Estados brasileiros, adotando-se para agrupamento o dendrograma UPGMA, considerando a matriz de similaridade do coeficiente de Jaccard de 149 bandas polimórficas de AFLP de 16 combinações dos iniciadores EcoRI e MseI. A análise da variância de dados moleculares foi realizada considerando a variação entre e dentro das populações de goiabeira dos dez Estados. O dendrograma apresentou boa definição, com coeficiente de correlação cofenética de 0,94. Foram observados dois grandes grupos: um formado por acessos de goiabeira e outro com acessos de araçazeiros, com inclusão de alguns acessos de goiabeira. Foram observados agrupamentos específicos no dendograma apenas para os indivíduos de goiabeira coletados em Goiás e Roraima. Os acessos estudados apresentaram similaridade variando de 28 a 98%, evidenciando a alta variabilidade genética dos mesmos. A variação entre acessos foi estimada em 0,16 (ΦST), indicando diferenciação genética moderada entre as populações de goiabeira dos dez Estados. Para aumentar a variabilidade genética do BAG estudado, sugere-se a coleta de um número maior de acessos nos Estados de Goiás e Roraima, dado o alto índice de similaridade entre os acessos provenientes destes Estados, bem como coletas amplas em outros Estados brasileiros. Sugerem-se ainda cruzamentos entre os poucos acessos de goiabeira posicionados no grupo dos araçazeiros para o desenvolvimento de híbridos interespecificos no gênero Psidium.

Species of the genus Psidium, like guava and Brazilian guava trees, are economically important and have the area of primary genetic diversity in Brazil. It was determined the genetic relationships based on AFLP marker for accessions of Psidium Germplasm Bank (PGB) of Embrapa Semiarid to guide improvements and management of genetic resources of the genus. Eighty-eight accessions were analyzed, 64 of guava and 24 of Brazilian guava, collected in ten Brazilian States, adopting for the cluster dendrogram UPGMA, considering the similarity matrix of Jaccard's coefficient of 149 polymorphic AFLP bands from 16 combinations of primers EcoRI and MseI. Analysis of variance of molecular data was performed considering the variation between and within populations of guava from the ten states. The dendrogram showed good definition, with cophenetic coefficient of 0.94. Two major groups were identified: one formed by accessions of guava and other with access to Brazilian guava, including some accessions of guava. Specific groups were observed in the dendrogram only for individuals guava collected in Goias and Roraima. These accessions showed similarity ranging from 28 to 98%, suggesting a high genetic variability of them. The variation among accessions was estimated at 0.16 (ΦST), indicating moderate genetic differentiation among guava populations from the ten states. To increase the genetic variability of the ABG studied, it is suggested to collect more hits in the states of Goiás and Roraima, due to the high degree of similarity among accessions from these states, as well as extensive collections in other Brazilian states. Crosses among the few accessions of guava which are positioned in the group of Brazilian guava were also suggested for the development of interspecific hybrids in the genus Psidium.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade das enzimas invertases ácida e neutra e sua influência no processo de regulação do acúmulo de sacarose nos colmos da cana-de-açúcar, cultivar RB855453, sob efeito do nitrato de potássio comparado aos maturadores, da classe dos retardantes do crescimento, etefon e etil-trinexapac, buscando contribuir para o entendimento da ação desse composto químico. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da aplicação de quatro maturadores da classe dos retardantes do crescimento, cujos ingredientes ativos são etefon, etil-trinexapac, nitrato de potássio e nitrato de potássio + boro, e a maturação natural como testemunha, em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os níveis enzimáticos das invertases ácida e neutra foram afetados de forma e intensidade distintas em função do princípio ativo utilizado como maturador e das condições climáticas; contudo, de forma geral, os níveis da invertase ácida manifestaram-se superiores aos da invertase neutra sem comprometer o acúmulo de sacarose nos colmos da cana-de-açúcar cultivar RB855453. O nitrato de potássio apresentou efeito maturador na cultura da cana-de-açúcar possibilitando o acúmulo de sacarose nos colmos, contudo as condições climáticas afetaram sua eficiência agronômica, tendo em vista que atua como indutor do processo de maturação.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the acid and neutral invertases enzymes activity and its influence in process of regulation sucrose accumulation in stems of RB855453 variety sugarcane under effect the potassium nitrate in compared with ripeners, of class of retainers growth, ethephon and ethyl-trinexapac, for to contribute the understanding of act this chemical compost. The treatments consisted of four ripeners of class of growth retainers, which active ingredient are ethefon, ethyl-trinexapac, potassium nitrate and potassium nitrate + boron and natural ripener as control, in a randomized block design with five replicates. The acid and neutral invertases enzymes levels were affected of form and intensity differents due active ingredient used as ripening and weather conditions; however, in general, the acid invertase levels were greatest the neutral invertase whitout to compromise the sucrose accumulation in stems of RB855453 cultivar sugarcane. The Potassium nitrate had effect ripener in sugarcane allowing sucrose accumulation in stems, however the weather conditions affected its agronomical efficiency, therefore act as inducers of the ripening process.

O bloqueio de eventos dependentes da sinalização do etileno pode afetar de maneira positiva ou negativa a qualidade de frutos tropicais após o armazenamento refrigerado. Dessa forma, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estudar o envolvimento do etileno no desenvolvimento de injúrias de frio em tangor 'Murcott' e avaliar as respostas envolvidas no processo de resistência às injúrias. Os frutos foram expostos a 500nL L-1 de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) durante 12 horas ou imersos em soluções contendo 2000nL L-1 de ethephon ou ácido salicílico durante cinco minutos antes de serem armazenados a 1°C, por 90 dias. Como controle, parte dos frutos foi armazenada a 1°C. O tratamento de frutos com ethephon ou ácido salicílico antecipou e intensificou as injúrias de frio. Por outro lado, a inibição do etileno pelo 1-MCP retardou o surgimento dos sintomas e resultou em menor índice de injúrias e percentual de frutos podres ao final do armazenamento. A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi intensificada aos 45 dias, contudo em menor intensidade nos frutos tratados com ácido salicílico. Nas avaliações subsequentes, houve decréscimo na atividade da SOD em todos os tratamentos, porém aos 90 dias a intensidade manteve-se levemente superior à observada nos primeiros 30 dias de armazenamento. Os teores de putrescina (Put) e espermina (Spm), no flavedo dos frutos, não sofreram significativa alteração durante o armazenamento. Em contrapartida, os teores de espermidina (Spd) foram mais afetados pelo estresse ocasionado pelo frio.

The blockage of ethylene-dependent signaling may affect the quality of tropical fruit in a positive or negative way after cold storage. Hence, the role of ethylene on chilling injury in tangor 'Murcott' and the responses related to injuries resistance were the aims of this study. Fruit were treated for 12h with 500nL L-1 of 1 methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or immersed into solutions containing 2000nL L-1 ethephon or salicylic acid for 5min before storage at 1°C for 90 days. As a control fruit were stored at 1°C. Chilling injury symptoms were anticipated and intensified when fruit were treated with ethephon or salicylic acid. On the other hand, the ethylene inhibition by 1-MCP delayed symptoms and resulted in the lowest injury index and percentage of fruit decay at the end of storage. At 45 days the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was intensified, however, in lower intensity in salicylic acid treated fruit. Afterwards, SOD activity decrease in all the treatments, though at 90 days the intensity was slightly superior to that at the initial 30 days of storage. During storage period it were not observed significantly alterations in putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm) levels in flavedo tissues. In contrast, spermidine (Spm) levels were more affected by chilling stress.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tratamento térmico na coloração de frutos de lichia. Os frutos foram tratados por 0; 5; 10; 15; 20 e 25 minutos de imersão em água a 45ºC, embalados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido e filme de policloreto de vinila 0,020mm e armazenados em B.O.D. a 5ºC e 90±5 % de UR. O delineamento experimental foi em esquema inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tempos de armazenamento para as análises de coloração e enzimática, e até atingirem o limite de comercialização para a análise da vida útil, sendo os frutos analisados a cada 3 dias, com 3 repetições e 10 frutos por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: análise visual do escurecimento, coloração e atividade específica da polifenol oxidase e da peroxidase. Os tratamentos usando 5 e 10 minutos de imersão foram os que apresentaram melhores resultados na manutenção da coloração dos frutos e na diminuição da atividade enzimática.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the influence of the thermal treatment in the color of lychee fruits. The fruits were treated by 0; 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25 minutes of water immersion at 45ºC, packaged in expanded polystyrene trays and film of polyvinyl chloride 0.020mm, stored in B.O.D. at 5ºC and 90±5 % of UR. The experimental delineation was in a completely randomized scheme, with 6 times of storage for the color and enzymatic analysis, until they reached the limit for the marketing for the analysis of the shelf-life, and the fruits were analyzed every 3 days, with 3 replications and 10 fruits in each experimental unity. The evaluated parameters were: visual analysis of the browning, color and specific activity of the polyphenol oxidase and the peroxidase. The treatments using 5 and 10 minutes of immersion showed the best results in maintaining the color of the fruits and in the reduction of the enzymatic activity.